Zheko Radev

Tobacco and tobacco products institute, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria. E-mail: zhekoradev@abv.bg

Lipids are main components of bee pollen grains, and vary among different pollen taxa. The objective of this study was to determine the lipid content in pollen of 20 popular bee plants and the impact of lipids to honey bees. The analysis showed, that the percentage of the total lipid content in the examined bee pollen ranged from 0.87 % for Zea mays L. to 13.6 % for that of Echinops ritro L., and the average was 3.91 %. The average level of lipids for the entomophilous plants was 4.20 % and 1.31 % for anemophilous, for Asteraceae was 5.42 % and 1.88 % for Fabaceae. The average weight of one hundred worker bees fed on pollen from Z. mays was 8208.2 mg, whereas it was 9882.2 mg for the bees fed on pollen from E. ritro. The weight of bees that consumed pollen with higher lipid content is higher compared to that consumed pollen with lower lipid content.

Zheko Radev

Tobacco and tobacco products institute, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria. E-mail: zhekoradev@abv.bg

Knowledge of protein food used by honey bees is important, as proteins are main component of pollen. The objective of this research was to determine and compare the protein content of bee pollen from different forestry areas in Bulgaria of some popular bee plants. The analysis showed that in pollen it depended on the botanical origin. The protein content in the pollen from Oryahovo ranged from 12.8 % for Taraxacum officinale L. to 25.35 % for Cornus sanguinea L., and the average was 20.66 %, from Borushtitsa ranged from 12.3 % for Chondrilla juncea L. to 27.51 % for C. sanguinea, and the average was 21.16 %. The protein content in pollen from Brassica napus L., Cornus mas L., C. sanguinea, Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Salix sp. showed variability for both forestry areas.

Gradimir Gruychev

Wildlife Management Department, University of Forestry, 10 St. K. Ohridski Blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mail: gradi.val@gmail.com

Modern agriculture often leads to a reduction in small game species and loss of biodiversity. The study area includes MG-14 (35 T) square of the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM). The density of hares during the study period varied between 0.7–2.7 ind./km². Their number reported in 2014–2015 is significantly higher than in the other years. In 2018, the lowest hare density was reported in the study area. Most were counted in May. The density of hares was positively related to habitat diversity and negatively to Wild cat density.

Nikolina Gribacheva(1), Gana Gecheva(1), Miglena Zhiyanski(2)*, Eli Pavlova-Traykova(2), and Rositsa Yaneva(2)

1. Faculty of Biology, P. Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
E-mails: n.gribacheva@mail.bg, ggecheva@uni-plovdiv.bg
2. Forest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1756 Sofia, 132 St. Kl. Ohridski
Blvd., Bulgaria. E-mails: miglena.zhiyanski@gmail.com*, pavlova.eli77@gmail.com,
r.s.yaneva@gmail.com

The moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. was used as biomonitor in three urban and five mountain sites with different pollution loads. The concentrations of 22 macro- and microelements were determined in moss-bags and were compared with those of the same elements in moss samples naturally growing in the Rhodope Mountains area. Most of the elements had highest concentrations in moss-bags exposed in Plovdiv. Strong accumulation of Cd and Pb was registered in all moss-bags with maximum in moss-bags from Sofia, reflecting that urban activities could induce more severe air pollution than mining. Cd reached saturation at the 30th day of  exposure, while Pb continued to accumulate. Analysed levels of Hg and Pb during passive monitoring confirmed the Rhodope Mountains as a region with constant high toxic element levels.

Neda Amiri(1)* and Soleiman Mohammadi Limaei(1,2)

1. Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O.Box 1144,
Sowmeh Sara, Iran. E-mail: amiri.neda90@yahoo.com
2. Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism, Mid Sweden University, 851
70, Sundsvall, Sweden.

The aim of this study was to estimate the aboveground carbon sequestration and the amount of CO₂ emissions at logging operation in Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Required data, such as forest standing stock, annual growth increment of trees, wood density and timber harvesting, were collected from secondary sources. Allometric equation was used for estimating the carbon sequestration. The amount of CO₂ emission was calculated. Results showed that the annual growth per hectare and the amount of carbon sequestration per growth were 3.37 m³·yr^-1 and 1.14 t·ha^-1, respectively. Results also indicated that the value of aboveground sequestrated carbon and its net present value were 71,217.63 (10,000 IRR∙ha^-1) and 12,668.28 (10,000 IRR∙ha^-1), respectively. Finally, the amount of carbon emission per hectare was calculated, as it was 0.01078 t∙h^-1 per year. The results of emission and carbon sequestration per hectare of the forest show that not only logging per hectare of forest will eliminate annual carbon sequestration, but also leads to an increase in CO₂ into the atmosphere due to harvest activity.