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LONG-TERM HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF SOILS AND ITS IMPACT ON BACTERIAL CARBON METABOLISM

Silvena Boteva(1), Anelia Kenarova(1)*, Viktoriya Kancheva(2), Michaella Aleksova(3),
Roumen Dimitrov(4), and Galina Radeva(3)
 

1. Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kl.
Ohridski‘, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mails: sbboteva@biofac.uni-sofia.bg; kenarova@biofac.uni-sofia.bg*
2. N. Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection, 7 Shosse
Bankya Str., 1331 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mail: viktoriq.kuncheva@gmail.com
3. Institute of Molecular Biology ‘Acad. Roumen Tsanev’, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mail: gradeva@bio21.bas.bg
4. National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mail: roumen.dimitrov@gmail.com
 

Abstract:

Heavy metal pollution of soils may change their chemical and microbiological status. Changes in the function of decomposer communities may cause disruption in soil nutrient cycling and primary productivity of an ecosystem. In the present study, bacterial capacity to utilize different carbon substrates under heavy metal stress was evaluated by using community level physiological profiling technique and Biolog EcoPlate™ method. Soil samples were taken from the vicinity of mine Chelopech along Cu gradient and co-pollutants Zn and Pb. Soil texture was classified as loam, soil pH was defined as acidic, and soils were determined as well nutrient abundant. Soil concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb varied in the range of 51-860 mg.kg-1, 44-180 mg.kg-1 and 31-175 mg.kg-1, respectively. Both, the capacity of impacted bacterial communities to utilize organic carbon substances and bacterial functional diversity decreased under the heavy metal stress. Bacteria from un-polluted soils preferentially utilized carbohydrates and polymers, whereas the heavy metal stressed bacterial communities preferentially used proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic carboxylic acids. The highest levels of adverse impacts were recorded both at seriously polluted soil, and on the utilization of amines and carbohydrates. Local variability of soil properties might modify the effects of heavy metals. It can be concluded that the EcoPlate™ method can be used to evaluate community functional variability in relation to different levels of heavy metal stress, as statistically significant results have been obtained.

(Forestry Ideas, 2021, Vol. 27, No. 1) [Download]
Downloads: 255

STATE OF COENOPOPULATIONS OF QUERCUS ROBUR L. GROWING IN RAVINES LOCATED IN THE DNIEPER RIVER’S RAPIDS SECTION (RECREATION ZONE OF THE CITY OF ZAPORIZHZHYA), UKRAINE

Svitlana Yakovlieva-Nosar(1)* and Valentyna Bessonova(2)

1. Khortytsia National Academy, 59 Naukove Mistechko Str. (Khortytsia Island), Zaporizhzhya 69017, Ukraine. *E-mail: krokus17.zp@gmail.com
2. Dnipro State Agrarian and Economical University, 25 Sergei Ephremov Str., 49600 Dnipro, Ukraine.
 

Abstract:

The research was conducted in three typical ravine forests of the southern variant of the Ukrainian Steppe. The age and vitality structure were studied, demographic characteristics of Quercus robur L. coenopopulations in 1999 and 2019 were calculated and changes that occurred over a 20-year period were analyzed. These forests are subject to a high anthropogenic pressure, being a part of the recreational area of residents of the large industrial city of Zaporizhzhya as well as tourists visiting the island of Khortytsia. There is a gradual change of the structure of the elementary demographic unit of the coenopopulation of Q. robur with an increase in anthropogenic impact starting from spotted and then through diffuse to eventually becoming pointlike. Coenopopulations of this edificator species sampled from the ravines under study are many-component and have a bimodal real spectrum. During the study period, significant changes occurred in the left, pregenerative parts of the spectrum and are associated with the changes in the quantitative ratios of juvenile, adult and virginile individuals. As a result of recreational exposure, the range of variants of ontogenetic development of Q. robur decreases, and the variants themselves include a smaller number of age states. Estimation of the state of Q. robur coenopopulations using eight demographic indices showed some decrease in the regenerative potential and increase in the share of generative and postgenerative individuals in the coenopopulations of Heneralka and Khortyts’ka gullies. Due to the decrease of the anthropogenic impact, the changes in Shyroka gully are less apparent. All coenopopulations of Q. robur are young and have significant adaptive potential. Therefore, they are capable of sustainable generational turnover even in case of low amount of specimens.

(Forestry Ideas, 2021, Vol. 27, No. 1) [Download]
Downloads: 281

EVALUATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GENUS VIBURNUM L. SPECIES UNDER RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
 

Olena Demchenko

Department of Botany, Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, National University of Life
and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony Str., 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine.
E-mail: demchenkoo@nubip.edu.ua
 

Abstract:

Under Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, 11 Viburnum species and 5 cultivars of different geographical origin are cultivated. The vast majority of species is property of a limited number of botanical gardens. There is no information about the ecological properties of most of the introduced taxa of genus Viburnum L. in condition of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Therefore, the study of the ecological properties of various species of this genus under these conditions is relevant. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the ecological properties of species belonging to the genus Viburnum L. in relation to the formation of their taxonomic composition in collections and rational use in greening and gardening. The following ecological indicators of the species were investigated: the duration of the dormant period, winter hardiness, drought resistance and water retention capacity. It was established that the winter hardiness of the species is satisfactory and does not depend on the duration of the period of deep dormancy. Monitoring the winter hardiness of uneven-aged plants of the same species made it possible to trace the change in resistance in ontogenesis. An increase in winter hardiness in all species is observed during the transition from juvenile to mature state, which is reflected by the value of the winter hardiness coefficient. Drought resistance of most species is high, exceptions are Viburnum lantana Aureum' and Viburnum burejaeticum Rgl. et Herd. Water retention is higher in evergreen species and resistance to dehydration is higher in V. opulus L. and V. rufidulum Raf. The studied species are promising and quite suitable for further implementation under Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

(Forestry Ideas, 2021, Vol. 27, No. 1) [Download]
Issues: 1-5 | 6-10 | 11-15 | 16-20 | 21-23