Svetoslav Anev

Department of Dendrology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mail: svetoslav.anev@ltu.bg

Gas exchange response of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings to canopy  opening was studied in the ‘Petrohan’ training and experimental forest range in Western Stara Planina Mt. Experimental plots were set on various altitudes (700–1450 m a.s.l.) and were chosen by their different sylvicultural or disturbances histories. The results of this study point out that Europe- an beech saplings show significant acclimation potential to changed post-cutting or windthrow environmental conditions. The light response curves at saplings from the open and the closed sites were typical for the sun and the shade ecotype of European beech leaves. The maximal photosynthesis was higher in more illuminated saplings but, as with light-use efficiency, did not vary significantly with cutting type, disturbance, altitude and air temperature. These physiological indicators rather express the biological characteristics of the European beech more strongly than a common response to environmental changes. In contrast, respiration, transpiration, water-use efficiency and light-compensation points were highly correlated with altitude and temperature.
Especially the respiration and the transpiration varied much less with cutting type and natural disturbance. The light-compensation point was the most sensitive to both the type of stand open- ing and illumination, which can indicate the acclimation response of European beech saplings to stand disturbances of different sizes and causes.

Received: 13 February 2024 / Accepted: 05 March 2024 / Available online: 08 March 2024

Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 

Salwaa Ainayya (1), Awanda Sifa Maharani (1), Sri Sunarti (2), Arif Nirsatmanto (2), and Ganis Lukmandaru (1)*

1. Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. *E-mail: glukmandaru@ugm.ac.id

2. National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java 16912, Indonesia.

Clonal propagation is a silvicultural method that is often employed due to its advantages in terms of speed and flexibility. This method is typically combined with a reduction in rotation age to enhance the quality of pulp derived from Acacia wood. Therefore, this study aims to determine the basic wood properties, pulp and paper characteristics of a 3-year-old clonal Acacia hybrid (Aha and Ah044 clones) using the kraft process. Obtained samples were cooked using different cooking times, active alkali levels and sulfidity concentrations to obtain the optimum conditions (screened yield > 50 %). Pulp and paper properties were tested at different beating degrees. The result showed that at the optimum conditions of 120 min cooking time, 15 % active alkali and 20 % sulfidity, screened yield and kappa number ranged from 55–59 % and 33–34, respectively. The optimum levels of beating degree were 255–285 mL CSF, which produced handsheets with an average burst index, tear index, tensile index, brightness and opacity of 3.11 kPa∙m2∙g-1, 4.56 mN∙m2∙g-1, 39.26 Nm∙g-1, 23.42 % and 93.66 %, respectively. At the same conditions, the Ah044 clone gave a higher screened yield but lower reject and kappa number values compared to the Aha clone. Although screened yield of clones was higher compared to samples from older trees in previous studies, the paper strength properties were generally poorer, indicating the high proportion of juvenile wood and high kappa number.

Received: 15 February 2024 / Accepted: 03 April 2024 / Available online: 25 April 2024

 Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Teodora Lyubomirova (1), Nasko Iliev (2)*, and Ivan Iliev (1)    

1. Department of Landscape architecture, University of Forestry, 10 St. K. Ohridski Blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mails: tlyubomirova@gmail.com (TL), ivilievltu@yahoo.com (II)

2. Department of Forestry, University of Forestry, 10 St. K. Ohridski Blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria. *E-mail: ilievnasko@abv.bg

Spring and autumn grafting of Syringa vulgaris L. and its cultivars Charles Joly and Mme Florent Stepman have been researched using chip budding, top wedge graft and splice graft methods. Two-year-old vegetative saplings of Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. were used as rootstocks. Chip budding showed the worst results in both spring and summer. Successful bud adhesion reached 56.7 % (‘Charles Joly’) and 70.0 % (‘Mme Florent Stepman’), respectively. It has been established that propagation can be successfully achieved through grafting in both seasons. The graft adhesion reached 76.7 % in spring and 85 % in summer grafting by spice graft. Better growth indicators of the scions were observed during summer grafting. This outlines the recom- mendation to use summer splice grafting.

Received: 26 February 2024 / Accepted: 19 April 2024 / Available online: 26 April 2024

Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 

Muhammad Irfan Affandi (1)*, Alifia Hasyimi (2),
and Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi (3)

1. Agribusiness Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Jl. Prof. Dr. Sumantri
Brojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia. *E-mail: irfan.affandi@fp.unila.ac.id

2. Master of Urban and Regional Planning, Postgraduate University of Lampung, Indonesia.

3. Agribusiness Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Indonesia.

This study aimed to analyse the financial feasibility business of cat’s eye resin in West Coast Regency. The method used in this research was the survey method. Primary and secondary data were collected in this study. Sampling used census sampling. The number of respondents consisted of 60 farmers. The data collection was carried out in June 2023. All financial feasibility criteria, such as NPV, Gross B/C, Net B/C ratio, IRR and Payback Period of cat’s eye resin business in West Coast Regency, are feasible. The results showed that the business is feasible to run based on an analysis of the financial feasibility.

Received: 04 January 2024 / Accepted: 19 April 2024 / Available online: 03 May 2024

Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Yuriy O. Rumiankov (1), Olga Porokhnіava (1), Volodymyr Hrabovyi (1), Hryhoriy I. Muzyka (1), Tetyana Kopylova (1), Volodymyr Vitenko (2)*, Iryna Pushka (2), and Vasyl Zayachuk (3)

1. Department of Dendrology and Park Construction, National Dendrological Park ‘Sofiyivka’ of
the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12a Kyivska Str., Uman, Ukraine.

2. Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Landscape Gardening, Uman, National
University of Horticulture, 1 Institutska Str., Uman, Ukraine. *E-mail: uman.vitenko@ukr.net

3. Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 General Chuprinka Str., Lviv, Ukraine.

In the course of coenosis development, changes in the quantitative and species structure took place in certain areas of ‘Dubynka’ historical planting. The aim of the study is to find out possible ways to optimise and propose measures to restore the quantitative structure of Quercus robur in it. The research was carried out by field (continuous inventory), analytical and mathematical, and statistical methods. Throughout the historical development of the coenosis, Carpinus betulus has been the dominant species in the tree stand. The low number of Acer platanoides and Fraxinus excelsior in certain age groups indicates an unbalanced removal of trees during felling. It was proved that the beginning of the decay of the primary planting of Q. robur began 100–118 years after its establishment. A stable tendency to reduce its quantitative indicators in the structure due to the death of trees and weak natural recovery during the last 109–127 years was revealed. The loss of the ability to natural recovery of Q. robur during the last 54–72 years was also revealed. The impracticality of using artificial measures to reduce the mass fraction of dominant species at the planting in favour of self-regeneration of Q. robur has been proven. It was found that under the conditions of this coenosis Ulmus laevis is unpromising. The care strategy for the area of the historical planting, which takes into account the coenotic features of development, has been determined. Recommendations are made for restoring the proportion of Q. robur to return the historic planting to its appropriate status.

Received: 28 December 2023 / Accepted: 18 April 2024 / Available online: 03 May 2024

Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.