Rossitsa Petrova

 University of Forestry – Sofia

The main activity of 'Cumerio copper' Sa is pyro-metalurgic processing of sulfide copper concentrate. The nature of carried out many decades (about 50 years) intensive production activity is related to contamination of the lands and the soils. Prospecting of the status and stage of soil contamination on the territory of the ground is completed by field exploration of the territory and laboratory tests. The sampling is done by hand drilling equipment 'geological cane' on depths: 0–0,05 m; 0,05–0,1 m; 0,1–0,2 m; 0,2–0,4 (0,6) m. The samples are analyzed to determine total sulphur and its forms (sulphide and sulphate), active soil acidity, content of heavy metals and metalloids (Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd). The analyses are carried out according ISO methods. The results show that the production activity on pyro-metallurgical processing of sulfide type copper concentrates impact strongly on: soil genesis integrity disturbing; degradation processes – increased acidity of near surface soil layers (0–5 cm); the soils are contaminated mainly by heavy metals and metalloids – Cu, Pb, Zn, As and Cd (total and mobile states); higher concentrations of total sulphur content in the near surface layers (0–5 cm).

Rossitsa Petrova

University of Forestry – Sofia

The investigation has been carried out in the region of the tailing pond 'Medet'. Tailings pond is fulfilled through drop hvost waste from the processing of copper ores.

The physical and chemical properties of soil and waste deposited was investigated. The analyses are carried out according following methods:sample preparation – ISO number 11466; particle Size Analysis – dry screen method; active acidity (рН_Н2О) – BSS ISO 10390; total forms of heavy metals – ISO 11466, BSS ISO 11885.

The results show that:

– the length and slope of existing bank required technical measures for prevention of water erosion.

– particle size composition of the substrate is fine and easy to apply the wind

– the ore waste production of pyro-metallurgical processing, which is delivered to tailing pond is unsuitable for directly biological rehabilitation (the absence of organic matter and nutrients, salinization and the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals – copper).

Technologies for resloped and improve the fertility of ore waste by: introduction of soil masses and mineral fertilizing and cultivating the proper grass and wood vegetation were developed. 

Dobrinka Zakova-Aleksandrova1, Boriana Borisova2

1University of Forestry – Sofia; 2Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works

The economic meaning of the torrent is defined by the real risk which it represents for the Bunkera and residential district Gorubliane.

The actual problems in the watercatchment ensue from destroying of the hydrotechnical works as result of torrent rainfall in 2005 which activated denudation processes.

It was made analysis of the condition of the hydrotechnical works and of the total function of the defence system. 

Michail As. Michailov

South-West University Neofit Risky – Blagoevgrad

Particular ideas and formulations for the improvement of the methods, used to appraise and to represent the changes of the water state (required by WFD), have been mentioned. As additional base an analysis of data from National water monitoring system is made. Some proposals, related to the practical realization of the WFD requirements for the referent conditions in the water bodies and its modifications under anthropogenic impacts, are suggested.

Maria Broshtilova

Oak Forest Experimental Station, Burgas

The quantity of the rainfalls and their chemical composition have been measured within the period comprising 2004–2008, in Pismenovo Dendrary (Dendrarium) situated within the State Forestry of Tsarevo.

It has been found out, of the total precipitations quantity, 27 % have been held by the black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) crowns, 9 % by the summer oak (Quercus robur L.) crowns, 7 % by the white acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) ones, averagely, within the period, while 14 % have resulted in a 70-year old oak offshoot (sprout) forest, as compared to the rainfall in open air.

The reaction (pH) of the rainfall in the open air and of that one passed through the canopy varies from a low acid to acid one. The highest acidity was found out in 2005. The rainfalls occurring within the winter months are of a significantly greater acidity. The lowest pH has been found out in the rainfall passed through the black pine crowns while the highest one has been observed in the rain water passed through the canopy of the acacia and the oak offshoot (sprout) forest.

Nitrate ions, ammonia ions and chlorides content is the lowest in the rainfall in the open air while it is the greatest in that rain water which has passed through the black pine crowns, i.e. more than 2 times greater, as compared to the rainfall in the open air.

There has been found out an increase of both of calcium and magnesium contents, as well, in the rainfall passed through the trees crowns, in comparison with that one in the open air. Taking into consideration the average data within the above said period, the greatest calcium content has been resulted in the rainfall passed through the white acacia species crowns while the greatest magnesium content has been found out in that rainfall which has passed through the trees crowns in the above mentioned 70-year old oak offshoot (sprout) forest.