Olga G. Kalmykova and Nataliya O. Kin

Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Steppe Research, Russian Academy of Sciences
– Ural Branch, 460000 Orenburg, Russia. E-mails: okstepposa@gmail.com*, kin_no@mail.ru

The data on orchid diversity of Buzuluk pine forest located in the South-east of European Russia on the border of steppe and forest-steppe zones have been summarised and updated. The occurrence of 12 Orchidaceae species can be reliably confirmed for this territory. This collection of species could be regarded as unique for such climatic and geographical conditions. Such a variety of orchids within the same Anatural site cannot be found anywhere else in Orenburg region, and in Samara region there are only few of similar locations. About half of the orchid species indicated for Orenburg and Samara regions are found in Buzuluk pine forest. Hemipilia cucullata and Hammarbya paludosa on the territory of Orenburg region and Corallorhiza trifida on the territory of Samara region are known only from Buzuluk pine forest. All the orchids found there are included in IUCN Red List. Four species are listed in Red Data Book of Russian Federation. Most of the species (except Epipactis helleborine) are in the regional Red Data Books, making up more than half of all protected species for each region. Orchids occur in localities near residential areas, in places visited by tourists, in the utility zone of the national park (where logging is carried out or may be carried out), in locations with unstable water regime, which may threaten their survival on this territory. All the orchids found in this woodland have at least one locality on the territory of Buzuluk Pine Forest National Park. The problems of the orchid conservation can be attributed to the insufficient knowledge of their populations (number, density, etc.), and the intensive development of oil production, tourism and recreation over the last decade.

Received: 30 March 2022 / Accepted: 27 February 2023 / Available online: 08 March 2023

Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Machya Kartika Tsani*, Surnayanti, and Trio Santoso

Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia.
*E-mail: machya.kartika@fp.unila.ac.id

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Honey bee cultivation is predominantly practised in community garden areas, although honey bee cultivation in community forest areas, which are typically monocultures, is still uncommon. In order to sustain honey production, it is crucial to assess the availability of food sources for honey bees in community forest regions. This research is aimed at discovering the potential sources of honey bee food in the Mataram Village community forest in order to promote the growth of honey bee cultivation. From July to October 2021, this research was conducted in the community forest of Mataram Village, Gading Rejo, Pringsewu, and Lampung Province, Indonesia. On the study site, vegetation data were collected, and the results were then matched with honey bee feed literature. The density, frequency, and diversity analyses of plant species are utilised. 17 species of plants were identified as food sources for honey bees, including 9 types of nectar-producing plants, 8 types of pollen-producing plants, and 4 types of nectar-pollen-producing plants. Coconut
have the highest relative density (RD) and relative frequency (RF) values. H’ value is 1.874, the importance of plant diversity as a source of food for honey bees falls within the moderate range. To promote the growth of beekeeping in community forests with low species variety, it is vital to increase the number of plant species, so that bees have a year-round food source.

Received: 29 November 2022 / Accepted: 24 March 2023 / Available online: 07 April 2023.

Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Olena Demchenko

Department of Botany, Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, National University of Life
and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony Str., 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine.
E-mail: demchenkoo@nubip.edu.ua

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On the territory of Ukraine, 24 species and 11 cultivars of the genus Viburnum were introduced at different times. We discovered 11 species and 5 cultivars in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Therefore, it is important to assess the success of the introduction of Viburnum taxa in new growing conditions and it was analysed. The studied taxa belong to the groups that are quite promising and promising for introduction into culture. Plants of other groups were not detected. The studied species were well acclimatised in local conditions (acclimatisation number is from 83 to 95). The highest values were for V. prunifolium L. and V. sargentii Koehne. The degree of acclimatisation of all research objects was defined as good. The introduction capacity of the future viburnum introduction area for the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is 0.85. The species were successfully acclimatised in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; their seasonal rhythm of development corresponds to the climatic conditions of this region. The assortment of 22 species and 7 cultivars are proposed for further introduction work and the prospects for use in the region.

Received: 29 October 2022 / Accepted: 29 March 2023 / Available online: 07 April 2023.

Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Martina Stancheva

Wildlife Management Department, University of Forestry, 10 St. Kl. Ohridski Blvd., 1797 Sofia,
Bulgaria. E-mail: martina_vas.nik@abv.bg

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Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing livestock sectors for food production. In the future, sustainable and efficient development of this sector can be achieved only through a more rational use of resources. Optimization of the rearing process in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cage farm, located in the Dospat Dam, by determining the optimal net cages depth, is an opportunity to reduce the costs for nets, save labour time for nets cleaning and reduce fish stress during the harvesting. The research of two environmental factors – water temperature (°C) and oxygen saturation (%) is important for the determination of the rainbow trout nets cage’s depth. The results show that the longest period of the year with favourable conditions for the culture of the species in the dam is at a depth of 9 m. Here, water temperature and oxygen saturation are outside the optimal ranges for rainbow trout only in 11 weeks of the year, compared to 22 weeks at 1 m and 27 weeks at 20 m. Based on these results and taking into account the shape of the nets of the cages that are used in the aquafarm, the optimal depth of the rainbow trout nets in the Dospat Dam is 10 m.

Received: 07 March 2023 / Accepted: 01 April 2023 / Available online: 07 April 2023.

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Rahmawati Rahmawati, Kartika Megawati, and Yusran Yusran*

Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Tadulako University, Jl. Soekarno-Hatta Km. 8 Palu, 94118, Indonesia. *E-mail: yyusranyusran610@gmail.com

Conservation of local and endemic biological resources of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi Indonesia is of utmost importance as it is one of the most important ecosystem protected areas. Currently, the conservation area is threatened by forest encroachment, illegal logging and illegal mining which pose threat to the sustainability of the biological resources in it. Furthermore, there is still a lack of studies on endemic flora in this area, particularly research on the status of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Sulawesi’s endemic flora in conservation areas. The present study aims to determine the species and colonisation levels of AMF on Nepenthes spp. plants that grow inside and outside the Lore Lindu National Park area. The results revealed that there were 3 species of Nepenthes in the study area, viz. N. mirabilis, N. maxima and N. tentaculata and as many as 4 species of AMF that have symbiosis with Nepenthes spp. namely, Glomus sp. 1, Glomus sp. 2, Glomus sp. 3 and Gigaspora sp. The degree of AMF colonisation on the roots of Nepenthes spp. varied from 2.4 % to 16.2 %. While the spore density varied between 4 and 60 per 15 g of soil. These results shows that Nepenthes spp. enter into symbiosis with AMF. Acquisition of more information is required in developing conservation plans and  management strategies of Nepenthes species in the future.

Received: 20 November 2022 / Accepted: 23 May 2023 / Available online: 03 June 2023

Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.